Fig. 1: Response of the neurologic pain signature (NPS) to different types of aversive/painful stimulation.

a NPS response to visceral stimulation types. Units reflect the cosine similarity of activation images and the NPS (see “Methods” for details). Each circle indicates the NPS response for an individual subject (Ns = 15, 15, 29, and 30). Bar plots (mean ± standard error) and violin plots of NPS responses for each visceral study. b Scatterplot of the relationship between the average NPS response and average visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of experienced pain (after accounting for the effect of study). c NPS response to somatic stimulation types (Ns = 15, 28, and 33) units reflect cosine similarity. Bar plots (mean ± standard error) and violin plots of NPS responses for each somatic study. **P < 0.01, ***qFDR < 0.05 (two-tailed, one-sample t test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.