Fig. 4: Common and distinct fMRI activation for somatic and visceral pain, assessed using univariate voxel-based GLMs.

Parametric group-level maps of responses across participants and studies, controlling for interstudy differences. a The contrast of somatic stimulation versus baseline. Warm colors correspond to increased levels of activation and cool color deactivation (N = 76). b The contrast of visceral stimulation versus baseline (N = 89). c The conjunction of activation and deactivation maps for somatic and visceral stimulation (N = 165; the intersection of significant somatic and visceral results). d Contrasts of somatic (N = 76) and visceral pain (N = 89). In the top panel, effects are masked with the map of somatic pain > baseline for orange areas and visceral pain > baseline for yellow areas. Thus, the resulting maps show stimulus-related increases that are stronger for somatic (orange) or visceral (yellow). In these bottom panels, the difference map is masked with somatic pain < baseline for cyan areas and visceral pain < baseline for purple areas. Thus, the resulting maps show areas where stimulus-related deactivation occurs and is stronger in somatic pain (cyan), and deactivation occurs and is stronger in visceral pain (purple).