Fig. 2: Charge density wave order in La4Ni3O10.

a Crystal structure of La4Ni3O10. The unit cell contains two trilayer perovskite-like blocks that are related through the B-centering operation of the Bmab space group. b hk0 plane at 200 K as measured at Sector 15-ID-D. The data are integrated over 0.05 r.l.u. in l. Hollow squares, fundamental Bragg peaks from high symmetry Bmab; hollow circles, Bragg peaks resulting from monoclinic distortion to P21/a. c, hk0 plane at 100 K. d, e Line cuts through data along k direction at 100 and 200 K. The cuts have been integrated over 0.04 r.l.u. in h and 0.05 r.l.u. in l. f, \(\bar 1kl\) plane at 100 K. The data are integrated over 0.02 r.l.u. in h (h = −1). g \(\bar 2kl\) plane at 100 K. h–k Line cuts through data along l direction at 100 and 200 K. Note red for 200 K and black for 100 K. The cuts have been integrated over 0.02 r.l.u. in h and 0.04 r.l.u. in k. In d, e, h–k, the data are shifted for clarity. Asterisks (*) mark the superlattice reflections. Yellow arrows in f, g point to superlattice reflections.