Fig. 1: Colloidal gelation extrusion process.
From: Scalable thermoelectric fibers for multifunctional textile-electronics

a Schematic of the continuously alternating extrusion process. Hydrocolloidal network confines heterogeneous molecular particles well in the matrix to form an alternating p/n-type TE fiber. b Sketch of the automatic extrude-segment assembly line. c Shear storage moduli G’ and loss moduli G” as a function of shear stress for PVA compounds. The solid and hollow symbols represent G’ and loss moduli G”, respectively. Insets: photos of the alternatively extruding samples using PVA-based compounds in liquid (bottom right) and hydrocolloid (top left) forms.