Fig. 3: Experimental setups of the proposed scheme and measured temperature fields.

a presents the general experimental setups and the fabricated sample. The white dashed line of y = 0 in the inset is the measured line for the thermal profiles in Fig. 4. The internal medium of the bilayer structure is a silicone pad annulus (κ₁ = 1 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), while the external layer is made of AISI 1010 steel annulus (κ₂ = 51.9 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹). b–e denote the temperature distributions of the proposed schemes 1–4 at the rotation rates of ω = 0 rad min⁻¹, ω = 0.6 rad min⁻¹, ω = 3.6 rad min⁻¹, and ω = 100 rad min⁻¹.