Fig. 6: TGFβ-blockade promotes T cell infiltration and activation.

a Paraffin-embedded sections of tumors from isotype- and anti-TGFβ-treated mice were stained for CD8 and analyzed using immunohistochemistry. b Changes in CD8⁺ T cell infiltration were determined by quantification of CD8-stained area from IHC samples. Each dot represents a sample. Mean is depicted. n = 4 (hIgG2) or 5 (αTGFβ) mice from one experiment. p = 0.0894 (unpaired, two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction). c Frequency of CD8⁺ T cells was determined by flow cytometric analysis on dissociated tumors. Each dot represents a mouse. Mean is depicted. n = 14 mice per group. Data are representative of three independent experiments. ***p = 0.0006 (unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction). d Heatmap of T cell-associated signatures as expressed in bulk RNAseq data from isotype- and anti-TGFβ-treated mice. Values were TPM normalized, log2 transformed, and row mean centered (z-score). Each column represents a mouse. e Violin plots depicting expression of selected genes in T cells from single cell RNAseq data. n = 4 mice per group from 2 independent experiments. f Frequency of T cell expression of activation markers was determined by flow cytometric analysis on dissociated tumors. Each dot represents a mouse. Mean is depicted. n = 14 mice per group from one experiment. p-values for each marker are as follows: CD69 ****p < 0.0001; CD25 ***p = 0.0002; Granzyme B ****p < 0.0001; IFNγ p = 0.1756; Ki67; ***p = 0.001 (unpaired, two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction). g Tumor tissues were sectioned and subjected to spatial transcriptomic analysis. Dots are indicative of enrichment for T cell presence (blue) or activity (red) representative in that particular area. One representative of 4 mice is depicted for each treatment group. h, i The signature score for the indicated parameters was calculated across the tissue section and graphed. Each dot represents a mouse. Mean is depicted. n = 4 mice per group from two independent experiments. **p = 0.0014; *p = 0.0192 (unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction).