Fig. 7: Aspartate sustains macromolecule synthesis under nitrogen starvation.

a Metabolic fate of aspartate in cellular anabolism. hs: homoserine. b Schematic of the experimental design for d, e, g, and i. c Estimation of intracellular aspartate concentration in WT (ATG1) and atg1Δ cells. Data were based on Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 3b. Six independent replicates. d Uptake of [U-¹⁴C]-aspartate in WT and atg1Δ cells. Seven independent replicates. e Incorporation of equivalents of [U-¹⁴C]-aspartate (aspartate and its derivatives) into macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids). Four independent replicates. f Incorporation of total aspartate equivalents into macromolecules. Four independent replicates. g Incorporation of equivalents of [U-¹⁴C]-aspartate into proteins. Four independent replicates. h Incorporation of total aspartate equivalents into proteins. Four independent replicates. i Incorporation of equivalents of [U-¹⁴C]-aspartate into nucleic acids. Three independent replicates. j Incorporation of total aspartate equivalents into nucleic acids. Three independent replicates. P values were calculated using unpaired two-sided Student’s t test assuming equal variances. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.