Fig. 5: Differential gene expression analysis of developing male forewings.

a Diagram of the penultimate nymphal instar from which right dorsal forewing buds were sampled. Forewings are highlighted in red, hindwings in blue. Diagram drawn by JG Rayner. b The majority of transcripts identified as differentially expressed between normal-wing and flatwing genotypes in Kauai (purple) and Oahu (blue) were non-overlapping, with the exception of 15 transcripts identified in black. Ten of the latter showed coordinated changes in expression (highlighted with a circle). Log₂-fold changes > 0 on either axis indicate normal-wing biased expression. c Top panel: diagrams of forewing phenotypes for female, flatwing and normal-wing males from Kauai and Oahu²³. Flatwing males’ wings are feminised to different degrees in Kauai vs. Oahu, but female forewings do not noticeably differ between genotypes. Bottom panel: corresponding patterns of relative expression of doublesex in females and males from each population. Large points show means, small points show individual observations for each replicate, and lines indicate the minimum and maximum values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Diagram is drawn by JG Rayner.