Fig. 2: Electrochemical performance and Zn plating/stripping behaviors of Zn-Mn alloy in the aqueous electrolytes.
From: Stable, high-performance, dendrite-free, seawater-based aqueous batteries
a pH values of different electrolytes prepared using DI water and seawater as solvents. b Cyclic voltammetry curves of seawater-based electrolytes. Scan rate: 1 mV s−1. Working electrode: Pt. Reference and counter electrodes: Zn-Mn alloy. c Long-term galvanostatic cycling performance of Cu//Zn and Cu//Zn-Mn cells at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. d Long-term galvanostatic cycling performance of symmetric Zn-Mn and pristine Zn cells at a current density of 80 mA cm−2 (areal capacity: 16 mAh cm−2; Electrolyte: 2 M ZnSO4 in seawater). 3D COMSOL simulation: e Morphology of 3D Zn-Mn alloy in 3D COMSOL model before Zn plating. f Morphology of 3D Zn-Mn alloy after 50 s of Zn plating. g Thickness change after 50 s of Zn plating on the Zn-Mn alloy surface. Scale bars in e–g: 20 µm.
