Fig. 4: Electrochemical performance and characterizations of aqueous Zn batteries. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Electrochemical performance and characterizations of aqueous Zn batteries.

From: Stable, high-performance, dendrite-free, seawater-based aqueous batteries

Fig. 4

a Cycling performance of ZABs (Zn3Mn) and ZABs (Zn). b Discharging plateaus of ZABs (Zn3Mn) and ZABs (Zn) at a current density of 30 mA cm−2. c Discharging and power density plots of ZABs (Zn3Mn) and ZABs (Zn). d Photograph of an electric fan powered by two flexible ZABs (Zn3Mn). e Typical charge/discharge profiles of ZIBs (Zn3Mn) at 0.5 C (electrolyte: 2 M ZnSO4 and 0.1 M MnSO4 in seawater). Cycling performance of ZIBs (Zn3Mn) at f 1C and g 4C, respectively. h High-resolution HAADF-STEM image of a fully discharged MnO2 cathode for ZIBs (Zn3Mn) using Mg2+-containing aqueous electrolyte. The yellow and pink dots represent Mg and Mn atoms, respectively. Scale bar: 1 nm. Wavelet transform of Mn K-edge EXAFS for i pristine Zn-Mn anode, j fully discharged Zn-Mn anode, and k fully charged Zn-Mn anode.

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