Table 4 Multivariable MR model on skin-related cancers adjusting for episodes of childhood sunburn and pigmentation.

From: A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization

Risk factors in multivariate MR model

Outcome

Marginal BETA

SE

P-value

OR (95% CI) per unit change in risk factor

Episodes of childhood sunburn

Melanoma

0.33

0.26

0.21

1.39 (0.83–2.34)

Skin colour

Melanoma

0.06

0.25

0.81

1.06 (0.65–1.72)

25(OH)D concentration (SD unit)

Melanoma

0.15

0.11

0.18

1.16 (0.94–1.43)

Episodes of childhood sunburn

BCC

2.16

0.18

5.62E-34

8.63 (6.09–12.21)

Skin colour

BCC

−0.44

0.16

7.09E-03

0.65 (0.47–0.89)

25(OH)D concentration (SD unit)

BCC

0.14

0.07

0.07

1.15 (0.99–1.32)

Episodes of childhood sunburn

SCC

2.87

0.23

4.62E-35

17.68 (11.21–27.88)

Skin colour

SCC

−0.16

0.22

0.44

0.85 (0.56–1.29)

25(OH)D concentration (SD unit)

SCC

0.08

0.10

0.44

1.08 (0.89–1.31)

  1. Marginal BETA reflects the marginal magnitude of association between the genetic effect of 25(OH)D SNPs exert on the risk factor of interest and skin cancer outcomes after conditioning on the genetic effect on remaining risk factors. All P-values are derived from z-scores of the MR association (two-sided) and unadjusted for multiple comparison unless otherwise stated.
  2. BCC basal cell carcinoma, SCC squamous cell carcinoma.
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