Fig. 1: Nano- and microstructure of the semi-crystalline polymer P(VDF-TrFE).

a, b High-resolution bimodal AFM images of P(VDF-TrFE), showing the true topography (height) and the frequency shift of the second mode (Δf2). The profile of a cross-section through the lamellar structure of the crystalline domains is shown under each image, respectively. The bimodal AFM measurements displayed were performed at 300 K. c 3D illustration of the morphology of the semi-crystalline polymer P(VDF-TrFE), showing the ‘intermixture’ of crystalline and amorphous regions. d 3D illustration of a rice-like crystalline domain and a crystallographically ordered lamella of P(VDF-TrFE).