Fig. 3: In vitro enzyme assay of VlmD producing 12 SCPAs.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of in vitro enzyme assays conducted using VlmD, which converted: (a) l-alanine to ethylamine; (b) l-2-aminobutyrate to n-propylamine; (c) 2-aminoisobutyrate to iso-propylamine; (d) l-norvaline to n-butylamine; (e) l-valine to iso-butylamine; (f) l-isovaline to (R)-sec-butylamine; (g) l-norleucine to n-amylamine; (h) l-leucine to iso-amylamine; (i) l-isoleucine to 2-methylbutylamine; (j) 1-aminocyclopetanecarboxylic acid to cyclopentylamine; (k) 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid to cyclohexylamine; and (l) l-2-phenylglycine to benzylamine. Black and red lines in the left graph for each SCPA indicate chromatograms from in vitro enzyme assays without VlmD (control) and with VlmD, respectively. Green bar graphs indicate percentage (%) of amino acid precursors converted to their corresponding SCPAs by the VlmD after two hours of enzymatic reaction at 37 °C. Experiments were conducted in triplicates. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.