Fig. 3: Characterisation of change in tremor amplitude induced by stimulation.
From: Non-invasive suppression of essential tremor via phase-locked disruption of its temporal coherence
a–d Stimulating currents were applied at the tremor frequency but without phase-locking. a Change in tremor amplitude over time, shown are mean ± s.e.m. z-score computed using 10 s window every 1 s between 5 s and 55 s; horizontal black bar outlines stimulation period. b Number of participants with significant reduction (turquoise bars) and increase (red bars) in tremor amplitude during the first-half of stimulation period (‘1st stim half’), second half of stimulation period (‘2nd stim half’), and post-stimulation period (‘post stim’); see Supplementary Table 4. c Change in tremor amplitude over time across participants with significant reduction (turquoise) and increase (red) in tremor amplitude during 2nd stim half in (b), shown are mean ± s.e.m. z-score; horizontal turquoise and red lines show corresponding epochs with significant z-score amplitude; horizontal black bar outlines stimulation period. d Change in tremor amplitude across the participants with significant reduction (turquoise) and increase (red) in tremor amplitude in (b), box plot shows 25 and 75% percentile values; horizontal red line, median value; horizontal black lines, data range, throughout the figure; from left-to-right n = 5,3,4,2,5,3 participants. e–l Stimulating currents were phase-locked to the tremor movement. e Change in tremor amplitude over time, showing the same as in (a); horizontal black lines show epochs with significant z-score amplitude. f Number of participants with statistically significant reduction and increase in tremor amplitude in (e), showing the same as in (b); *, from left-to-right p = 0.0019, p = 3.4⋅10−5. g Change in tremor amplitude over time across participants with decreased and increased tremor amplitude during 2nd stim half in (f), showing the same as (c). h Change in tremor amplitude in (f), showing the same as in (d); from left-to-right n = 5,5,9,4,10,3 participants. Significance of z-score amplitude was analysed using unpaired two-sided t-test; Significance of number of participants was analysed using two-sided Fisher exact test against the number of participants who did not show a significant change; * indicates p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005, n.s. non-significant throughout the figure. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
