Fig. 4: CD4 Tfh cells targeting spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) are generated in lymphoid tissue following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
From: SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques
A Representative gating strategy to identify SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells following stimulation with peptide megapools; membrane (M), open reading frame non-structural proteins (ORF-nsp) and Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/Ionomycin (Iono) Fluorochromes used were CD3-A700, Dead-APC-Cy7, CD8-BV510, CD4-BV650, CD95-BUV737, CXCR5-PE, PD-1-Pe Cy7, CD25-APC, OX40-BV786, IFNG-Pe-Cy7, TNFa-A488, IL-17-BV421, IL-21-APC. B Scatter plot showing Activation-induced marker (AIM) + CD4 subsets. Dashed line represents undetectable responses assigned a value of 0.01% C Gating strategy to identify cytokine profiles (interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)a, interleukin (IL)-17, interleukin (IL)-21) of CXCR5+, CXCR5-, and CD8+CD95+ T cells) in spleen following stimulation. D Pie chart shows T-cell polyfunctionality.
