Fig. 3: Bidirectional transition waves in 1D arrays of bistable shells connected with compressible fluid cavities.
From: Universally bistable shells with nonzero Gaussian curvature for two-way transition waves
a Schematic of the 1D array. b,c Bidirectional propagation of transition waves in an array of 10 universally bistable shells with H = 15 mm, R = 25.5 mm and Ttotal = 4 mm, excited by supplying Δp = 69 kPa of pressure for 100 ms. d Evolution of the transition wave velocity during propagation for an array of 10 universally bistable shells excited at the left (red markers) and right (pink markers) ends by applying a pressure Δp = 69 kPa for 100 ms. Blue markers represent the velocity for an identical pulse propagating in an array of N = 12 universally bistable shells, whereas green and yellow markers correspond to the wave velocity for a pulse excited using Δp = 172 kPa and a pulse in an array with reduced shell to shell spacing (Lt = 22 mm), respectively.
