Fig. 3: Calibration using the electrostatic force.
From: Strong geometry dependence of the Casimir force between interpenetrated rectangular gratings

a Measured \({\Delta}\omega _R\) as a function of \(V_e\). The dots are measured data and the solid lines are parabolic fits. For each parabola, the displacement of the grating attached to the comb actuactor is labeled with the corresponding color. b Measured \({\Delta}\omega _R\) as a function of displacement d and \(V_e\). c Measured residual voltage V0 as a function of displacement. Error bars show the spread of data over several independent measurements. d Measured electrostatic force gradient with \(V_e = V_0 + 100\,{\mathrm{mV}}\) (blue) is fitted with calculations using the finite elements method (red). The error bars are comparable to the dot size.