Fig. 5: HER performance of V SACs@1T-WS2.

a LSV curves of GC, 2H (2H-WS2), 1T-400 (V SACs@1T-WS2 annealed at 400 °C in H2/Ar for 2 h), 2H1T (V SACs@2H-WS2, transformed by V SACs@1T-WS2), Pt/C (Pt/C 20%) and V SACs@1T-WS2 electrodes in 0.5 M H2SO4 with a scan rate of 5 mV/s. b Tafel plots of 2H, 1T-400, 2H1T, Pt/C 20% and V SACs@1T electrodes. c TOF values of V SACs@1T-WS2 measured at different overpotentials. d TOF comparison with other representative electrocatalysts. e HER activity as a function of the 1T phase ratios obtained by annealing V SACs@1T-WS2 in the H2/Ar for 2 h. f Electrochemical stability of V SACs@1T-WS2 after 2000 cycles of CV tests.