Fig. 1: Conventional approaches towards organic ferroelectric materials: anisotropic low-molecular-weight compounds, donor–acceptor-type charge-transfer complexes, and proton transfer in hydrogen-bonding networks (left).
From: Ferroelectric columnar assemblies from the bowl-to-bowl inversion of aromatic cores

A ferroelectric bowl-shaped supramolecular assembly (reprinted from ref. 3) and the chemical structure of a bowl-shaped molecule (middle). Chemical structures of CnSS molecules that contain a bowl-to-bowl invertible π-core (right). The red arrows indicate the dipole moment in each system.