Table 1 Baseline characteristics of newborns with and without Down syndrome included in our epigenome-wide association study.

From: The genome-wide impact of trisomy 21 on DNA methylation and its implications for hematopoiesis

 

Non-DS (N = 439)

N (%)

DS (N = 196)

N (%)

P value

Sex

 Female

182 (41.5%)

106 (54.1%)

0.0034a

 Male

257 (58.5%)

90 (45.9%)

Race/ethnicity

 Asian

38 (8.7%)

17 (8.7%)

0.00044a

 Latino

253 (57.6%)

104 (53.1%)

 Non-Latino white

124 (28.2%)

54 (27.6%)

 Non-Latino black

13 (3.0%)

21 (10.7%)

 Other

11 (2.5%)

0 (0%)

Blood collection age (days)

 Mean (SD)

1.33 (±0.70)

2.49 (±2.04)

<0.0001b

 Median (range)

1.13 (0–5.25)

1.75 (0–15.3)

 Missing

3 (0.7%)

5 (2.6%)

Gestational age (weeks)

 Mean (SD)

39.2 (±2.0)

38.2 (±2.2)

0.041b

 Median (range)

39.4 (26.4–44.7)

38.3 (26.4–44.7)

 Preterm (<37 weeks)

44 (10.6%)

39 (22.0%)

0.0004a

 Missing

23 (5.2%)

19 (9.7%)

Birth weight (kg)

 Mean (SD)

3.39 (±0.55)

3.01 (±0.73)

0.001b

 Median (range)

3.41 (1.04–5.05)

3.01 (0.96–8.65)

 Small-for-gestational agec

24 (6.1%)

33 (19.3%)

<0.0001a

 Missing

0 (0%)

6 (3.1%)

Birth year

 Median (range)

2004 (2000–2008)

1998 (1996–1999)

<0.0001d

 Missing

3 (0.7%)

2 (1.0%)

  1. kg kilogram, SD standard deviation, DS Down syndrome.
  2. aP values calculated by two-sided Fisher’s exact test.
  3. bP values calculated by linear regression with the birth-related variable as the dependent variable, DS status as the independent variable, and adjusting for the remaining birth-related variables, sex, plate, and race/ethnicity.
  4. cSmall-for-gestational age calculated according to the sex- and gestational age-based intrauterine growth curves previously developed using US data85. Note we were not able to calculate this for newborns born >42 weeks due to limitations of the reference data.
  5. dP value calculated by the two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
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