Table 1 Comparison of pairings of participant and mosquito infections by symptomatic status.

From: Genotyping cognate Plasmodium falciparum in humans and mosquitoes to estimate onward transmission of asymptomatic infections

 

Asymptomatic infections (N = 3012)

Symptomatic infections (N = 715)

p value

Participant-level covariates

Parasite density (parasites/μL), median (IQR)

11.08 (0.96–251)

3229.46 (505–6581)

<0.001a

Age, N (%)

  

<0.001b

  <5 years

326 (3.72)

112 (15.66)

 

  5–15 years

1372 (45.55)

111 (15.52)

 

  >15 years

1314 (43.63)

492 (68.81)

 

Mosquito abundance, N (%)

  

<0.001b

  Low

1564 (51.93)

227 (31.75)

 

  High

1448 (48.07)

488 (68.25)

 

Number of pfcsp haplotypes, median (IQR)

3.00 (1.00–8.00)

2.00 (1.00–3.00)

<0.001a

Village, N (%)

  

<0.001b

  Maruti

2267 (75.27)

411 (57.48)

 

  Kinesamo

616 (20.45)

208 (29.09)

 

  Sitabicha

129 (4.28)

96 (13.43)

 

Participant–mosquito pair-level covariates

Probability of transmission, median (IQR)

  Across all variables

0.05 (0.00–0.16)

0.00 (0.00–0.11)

<0.001a

   Time intervalc

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

NE

   Distance interval

0.67 (0.54–0.84)

0.70 (0.53–0.80)

1.000a

   pfcsp haplotype sharing and prevalenced

0.09 (0.00–0.24)

0.00 (0.00–0.15)

<0.001a

    For those that shared pfcsp haplotypes

0.20 (0.09–0.32)

0.19 (0.10–0.37)

1.000a

Number of pfcsp haplotypes shared, median (IQR)e

1.00 (0.00–2.00)

0.00 (0.00–1.00)

<0.001a

  For those that shared pfcsp haplotypes

2.00 (1.00–3.00)

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

<0.001a

  1. IQR interquartile range, NE not evaluated, pfcsp Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein.
  2. aWilcoxon Rank-Sum test with continuity correction and Bonferroni correction for repeated measures.
  3. bPearson’s χ2 test with Bonferroni correction for repeated measures.
  4. cThe probability of transmission based on the time interval was set as 1 for all participant–mosquito pairings where the mosquito was collected within 7 days prior to or 14 days after the participant’s infection. All pairings outside of that time interval had a probability of transmission of 0.
  5. dThe probability of transmission based on the pfcsp haplotype sharing and prevalence is shown for all pairings regardless of whether they shared the haplotypes or not.
  6. eThe number of pfcsp haplotypes shared is shown for all pairs regardless of whether they shared the haplotypes or not.
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