Fig. 3: GWAS of 11 traits in 312 sand pears.

a Manhattan plot of GWAS for 11 traits in sand pears. IBP initial bloom period, DFD days of fruit development, DVG days of vegetative growth, FSC fruit skin color, CRFR coverage ratio of fruit russet, LFR location of fruit russet, FFS furrows on fruit surface, DC direction of carpopodium, DS direction of sepal, SFW single fruit weight, SCC stone cell content. b QTL for trait of single fruit weight in the population of ‘Bayuehong’ × ‘Dangshansuli’. c–e Manhattan plots of chromosome 3 of GWAS for trait of single fruit weight in the years 2014 (c), 2015 (d), and 2016 (e).