Fig. 3: Asymmetric water permeability of compositionally graded SBS/CNC membranes.

Plots of a the impact of membrane thickness on water permeability and b the corresponding permeability asymmetry factor (PAF) of membranes made from neat SBS and SBS/CNC 15 wt% using the wet cup gravimetric method (RHD = 100%) (data from a). All experiments were conducted at 25 °C. Reported values are the mean ± s.d. of n = 3 measurements from different samples.