Fig. 5: Deformation and seismicity data associated with the eruption of Sierra Negra between 26 June 2018 and 26 August 2018.

A Vertical displacement at GV04 and tilt recorded at SN14. B Magnitudes of earthquakes detected at VCH1 (blue), and located by the IGUANA network (coloured by time, size corresponding to magnitude), and total number of recorded earthquakes M > 2.0 (red). C Earthquake epicentres, focal mechanisms, and cGPS displacements during this interval. D ALOS-2 interferogram between 18 May 2018 and 29 June 2018 (‘Methods’). Each colour cycle represents ~11.5 cm of displacement in the line-of-sight direction, consistent with subsidence over the caldera and uplift over intrusions in the NW flank. Lava flows in red, eruptive fissures in blue. Locations of co-eruptive earthquakes shown with white circles, caldera rim indicated with black line for reference. E Earthquake hypocentral depth as a function of distance along the TDF (top panel) and from the surface expression of the southern, western, and northern limbs of the TDF (red arrows). Surface location of the caldera rim (green arrows) for reference. Colours and sizes of circles as B and C. Line of section shown in C.