Fig. 4: gdrd mutant sperm fail to undergo individualization.
From: Structural and functional characterization of a putative de novo gene in Drosophila
a Wild-type testis (w1118/Y; dj: GFP/+) and b gdrd mutant testis (w1118/Y; dj: GFP/+; gdrd1/gdrd1) were labeled with phalloidin to mark actin-rich individualization complexes (ICs). Dj:GFP (green) marks elongated/elongating sperm. Scale bars in (a) and (b) = 100 µm. c ICs assemble but fail to progress in gdrd mutant testes. The analysis was conducted on day 1 post eclosion and on day 3 post eclosion. An average number of progressed ICs was 9.4 ± 0.48 (±s.e.) and 9.4 ± 0.54 (±s.e.) in WT day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (n = 15). The average number of progressed ICs was 0 ± 0 (±s.e.) and 0 ± 0 (±s.e.) in gdrd day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (single replicate; n = 15; P values = 3.12E-7 and 3.26E-7). d Assembly of ICs is decreased in gdrd mutant testes. The average number of total ICs was 18.1 ± 0.74 (±s.e.) and 17.9 ± 0.68 (±s.e.) in WT day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (n = 15). The average number of total ICs was 7.9 ± 0.44 (±s.e.) and 9.7 ± 0.44 ( ± s.e.) in gdrd day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (single replicate; n = 15; P values = 1.85E-6 and 1.81E-6). e Waste bags are absent in gdrd mutant testes. The average number of waste bags was 3.1 ± 0.25 (±s.e.) and 3.4 ± 0.31 (±s.e.) in WT day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (n = 15). The average number of waste bags was 0 ± 0 (±s.e.) and 0 ± 0 (±s.e.) in gdrd day 1 and day 3 testes, respectively (single replicate; n = 15; P values = 2.55E-7 and 2.75E-7). Statistical analysis: Mann–Whitney U test (one-sided), **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
