Fig. 1: Ground tilt data for the 3 July and 28 August 2019 paroxysms.
From: Ground deformation reveals the scale-invariant conduit dynamics driving explosive basaltic eruptions
a Radial tilts recorded by four broadband seismic stations (PZZ, STR, ROC, and SCI) and the borehole tiltmeter (OHO) of the permanent network (Supplementary Fig. 1) 250 s before the onsets of the 3 July 2019 (black line) and 28 August 2019 (red dashed) paroxysms within a distance of 408–965 m from the vent. b Tilt trajectories associated with the waveforms shown in a showing an almost radial pattern pointing to the crater area for both paroxysms. The best-fit solutions (open-conduit deformation model36) between the theoretical tilt pattern and observations are shown in the insets and are consistent with volume changes of 4.9 × 104 m3 and 3.2 × 104 m3 in the upper 380 and 240 m a.s.l. below the vent for the 3 July 2019 and 28 August 2019 paroxysms, respectively. c Normalized radial tilt waveforms corresponding to those shown in a associated with the two paroxysms illustrating how the amplitude ratio between stations remained the same during the 250 s before the onset of the paroxysm, suggesting a stationary shallow source. Due to calibration issues at seismic station SDK, the absolute tilt could not be derived; hence, its data were not used in the modelling.
