Fig. 4: Changes of the Wigner time delay in the molecular frame.
From: Angular dependence of the Wigner time delay upon tunnel ionization of H2
a Experimentally retrieved changes of the Wigner time delay, ΔτW,M, as a function of the electron energy and β (relative angle between electron momentum vector pelec and the molecular axis of H2 in the polarization plane). b ΔτW,M from solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). c ΔτW,M from strong-field approximation (SFA). d ΔτW,M from our classical-trajectory mapping of the initial momenta to the final momenta (including a long-range 1/r potential) with the initial phase gradient in momentum space at the tunnel exit from SFA. The molecular axis is shown schematically in all panels. The gray arrow indicates the light’s helicity.
