Fig. 3: CHD4 silencing regulates glycolysis and cell proliferation.

a Effect of CHD4 silencing on basal and maximal OCR values in 501Mel cells. b Effect of CHD4 silencing on the basal OCR/ECAR ratio in the indicated cell types. c, d Effect of CHD4 silencing on basal and maximal ECAR values in 501Mel cells and basal ECAR values in the indicated cell types. e CHD4 silencing reduces intracellular ATP levels in the indicated cell lines. f Stimulation of PKM2 enzymatic activity in extracts from cells under the indicated conditions. g, h ECAR values in 501Mel cells following transfection with indicated siRNAs or expression vectors. i Intracellular ATP levels following CHD4 silencing or PAD1/3 expression. EV = empty expression vector control. j Reduced cell proliferation following PAD1/3 expression. k–m ECAR values and intracellular ATP levels in MM117 cells following transfection with indicated siRNAs or expression vectors. ECAR and OCR and ATP values were determined from n = 3 biological replicates with 6 technical replicates for each N in the case of OCR and ECAR. n = 3 biological replicates and unpaired t-test with two tailed p-value analyses and confidence interval 95% were performed by Prism 5. p-Values: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Data are mean ± SEM. Values for PKM2 enzymatic activity were determined by Prism 5 using a 2-way ANOVA test.