Fig. 7: Relationships between overturn and deep water dynamics.

a Overturn date at the 110 m transect, b cooling period duration (blue), and duration of summer stratification (gold) reveal shifts after 1997 (vertical gray line). c As the overturn date occurs later in the year (shown on x-axis), the cooling period duration decreases proportionally. With later overturn dates and shorter cooling periods, d, e the minimum temperature increases. Similarly, f the summer stratification temperature (the temperature at the inflection point defined as “S” in Fig. 1d) increases and g the date of summer stratification occurs earlier with delays in fall overturn.