Fig. 3: Ion permselectivity evaluation.

a I−V plots under various asymmetric KCl solutions separated by TpTag-COF/PAN (black, 1/0.1 mM; olive, 10/1 mM; orange, 100/10 mM). b Electrostatic potential (ESP) mapped van der Waals surface of the fragment of TpTag-COF and area percent in each ESP range. Significant surface local minima and maxima of ESP are represented as red and blue spheres and labeled by black texts. The direction of pore content is highlighted marked by grey arrows. c The schematic diagram of ion transport behavior through TpTag-COF subnanochannels at 500 ps. The MD simulation revealed that TpTag-COF/PAN shows a higher K+ ion transport activity than Cl− ion (purple, K; green, Cl; red, O; white, H; gray, TgTag-COF layers).