Fig. 2: DFT-derived enthalpies of formation of MA2Z4 monolayers.

Here, we only show the data for the five lowest-energy configurations. a and b are for M being the first transition-metal group elements and alkali-earth elements, respectively. In a, b, the enthalpies for each compound are relative to the total energies of the α1 and β1 structures, respectively. Note that VEC is the number of valence electrons for one chemical formula. For more details about enthalpies of formation refer to Supplementary Tables 2–7.