Table 1 Group-level characteristics of randomized clinical trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine as treatment for COVID-19.

From: Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials

Acronym	Register ID	Setting	Treatment comparison		Treatment schedule	COVID-19 status	Age	Mortality (%)	Location	Blinding	Targeted sample size	Trial and publication status^a
			Experimental arm (n)	Control arm (n)
Hydroxychloroquine
REMAP-CAP	NCT02735707	ICU^b	HCQ (61)	No treatment (81)	800 mg at 0 and 6 h, then 800 mg/day for up to 6 days	Confirmed and suspected	≥18 years	27.46	International^c	None	No fixed sample size	Completed^d, not published
	ChiCTR2000029559	Inpatient	HCQ (31)	No treatment (31)	200 mg twice a day for 5 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	China	Participant, caregiver	300	Completed and published
	ChiCTR2000029868	Inpatient	HCQ (75)	No treatment (75)	1200 mg/day for 3 days, then 800 mg/day for 11–18 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	China	None	360	Completed and published
	NCT04261517	Inpatient	HCQ (15)	No treatment (15)	400 mg/day for 5 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	China	None	30	Completed and published
RECOVERY	NCT04381936	Inpatient	HCQ (1561)	No treatment (31,55)	800 mg at 0 h, then 800 mg after 6 h, then 800 mg/day for up to 9 days	Confirmed and suspected	≥18 years	25.67	Europe	None	12,000^e	Completed^d and published
	ChiCTR2000030054	Inpatient	HCQ (18)	No treatment (12)	400 mg/day for 10 days	Confirmed	18–75 years	0	China	None	100	Completed and published
NO COVID-19	NCT04316377	Inpatient	HCQ (27)	No treatment (26)	800 mg/day for 7 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	3.77	Norway	None	202	Halted and published
	NCT04384380	Inpatient	HCQ (21)	No treatment (12)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 400 mg/day for 6 days	Confirmed	20–79 years	0	Taiwan	None	45	Completed and published
	NCT04353336	Inpatient	HCQ (97)	No treatment (97)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 400 mg/day for 14 days	Confirmed	All	5.67	Egypt	None	40	Recruiting and published
Coalition I	NCT04322123	Inpatient	HCQ (221)	No treatment (227)	800 mg/day for 7 days	Confirmed and suspected	≥18 years	2.90	Americas	None	630^e	Completed and published
TEACH	NCT04369742	Inpatient	HCQ (67)	Placebo (61)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 400 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥12 years	10.16	United States	Participant, caregiver	626	Terminated and published
	NCT04491994	Inpatient	HCQ (349)	No treatment (151)	400 mg twice a day for 1 day, then 200 mg twice a day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	Pakistan	None	540	Completed and published
WHO SOLIDARITY	2020-001366-11	Inpatient	HCQ (947)	No treatment (906)	Day 1, 2000 mg (hour 0, 800 mg; hour 6, 800 mg; hour 12, 400 mg), thereafter 800 mg per day for 10 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	10.15	International	None	10,000^e	Terminated and published
PATCH	NCT04329923	Inpatient	HCQ (15)	Placebo (15)	800 mg/day for up to 14 days	Confirmed	≥40 years	0	United States	Participant, caregiver	400^e	Recruiting, not published
CCAP-1	NCT04345289	Inpatient	HCQ (1)	Placebo (1)	600 mg/day for 7 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	Denmark	Participant, caregiver	1500^e	Terminated, not published
	NCT04335552	Inpatient	HCQ (4)	No treatment (2)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 600 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥12 years	16.67	United States	None	500	Terminated, not published
	NCT04335552	Inpatient	HCQ + azithromycin (2)	Azithromycin (3)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 600 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥12 years	60	United States	None	500	Terminated, not published
ARCHAIC	NL8490	Inpatient	HCQ (4)	No treatment (3)	800 mg/day for 1 day, then 400 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	28.57	Netherlands	None	950	Terminated, not published
HYDRA	NCT04315896	Inpatient	HCQ (75)	Placebo (77)	400 mg/day for 10 days	Confirmed	18–80 years	37.50	Mexico	Participant, caregiver	500	Recruiting, not published
PROTECT	NCT04338698	Inpatient	HCQ + azithromycin + oseltamivir (64)	Azithromycin + oseltamivir (64)	600 mg/day for 5 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	Pakistan	Investigator	500	Recruiting, not published
			HCQ + oseltamivir (62)	Oseltamivir (63)				0.80
			HCQ + azithromycin (59)	Azithromycin (61)				2.50
OAHU-COVID19	NCT04345692	Inpatient	HCQ (10)	No treatment (6)	800 mg/day on day 1, then 400 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	18–95 years	12.50	United States	None	350	Recruiting, not published
HYCOVID	NCT04325893	Inpatient	HCQ (124)	Placebo (123)	800 mg on day 1, then 400 mg/day for 8 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	6.88	France	Participant, caregiver	1300	Terminated, and not published
COV-HCQ^f	NCT04342221	Inpatient	HCQ (13)	Placebo (14)	800 mg/day for day 1 and 600 mg/day for days 2–7	Confirmed	≥18 years	3.70	Germany	Participant, caregiver	220	Recruiting, not published
COVID-PEP	NCT04308668	Outpatient	HCQ (244)	Placebo (247)	800 mg at 0 h, then 600 mg after 6–8 h, then 600 mg daily for 4 days	Confirmed and auspected	≥18 years	0.41	International^c	Participant, caregiver	3000	Completed and published
BCN PEP CoV-2 Study	NCT04304053	Outpatient	HCQ (136)	No treatment (157)	800 mg on day 1, and 400 mg on days 2–7	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	Spain	None	2300	Completed and published
	NCT04333654	Outpatient	HCQ (5)	Placebo (3)	800 mg at 0 h, then 400 mg 6–8 h later, then 600 mg/day for 9 days	Confirmed	18–80 years	0	International^c	Participant, caregiver	210	Terminated, not published
COMIHY	NCT04340544	Outpatient	HCQ (8)	Placebo (8)	600 mg/d for 7 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	0	Germany	Participant, caregiver	2700	Recruiting, not published
Chloroquine
	ChiCTR2000030054	Inpatient	CQ (18)	No treatment (12)	1000 mg/day for 1 day, then 500 mg/day for 9 days	Confirmed	18–75 years	0	China	None	100	Completed and published
ARCHAIC	NL8490	Inpatient	CQ (5)	No treatment (3)	600 mg at 0 h, then 300 mg after 12 h, then 600 mg/day for 4 days	Confirmed	≥18 years	12.50	Netherlands	None	950	Terminated, not published
CloroCOVID19II	NCT04342650	Outpatient	CQ (78)	Placebo (74)	900 mg/day for 1 day, then 450 mg/day for 4 days	Suspected	≥18 years	0	Brazil	Participant, caregiver	210	Completed, not published
CloroCOVID19III	NCT04323527	Inpatient	CQ (41)	Placebo (41)	900 mg/day for 1 day, then 450 mg/day for 4 days	Suspected	≥18 years	35.37	Brazil	Participant, caregiver	278	Completed, not published
	ChiCTR2000031204	Inpatient	CQ (18)	Placebo (17)	1000 mg on day 1, then 500 mg/day on days 2–3, then 250 mg/day until ≤14 days of total treatment	Confirmed	18 to 70 years	0	China	Participant	300	Recruiting, not published

CQ chloroquine, HCQ hydroxychloroquine.
In all trials that used hydroxychloroquine, dosages refer to hydroxychloroquine sulfate. In trials that used chloroquine, the dosages for ARCHAIC, ChiCTR2000030054 and ChiCTR2000031204 refer to chloroquine phosphate, while those for CloroCOVID19II and CloroCOVID19III refer to chloroquine base.
^aIncluding peer-reviewed journal publications and posted preprints.
^bExcept one study site (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) that recruited patients in a general ward setting.
^cIncluding centers in multiple countries.
^dOther arms of the trial are still ongoing.
^eTrial includes more treatment arms than reported here; target sample size refers to all arms.
^fThe allocation of participants to the experimental arm (n = 13) and control arm (n = 14) versus experimental arm (n = 14) and control arm (n = 13) was not yet unblinded. The allocation for the meta-analysis was done randomly. A sensitivity analysis with the reverse assignment gave the same result.

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Table 1 Group-level characteristics of randomized clinical trials evaluating hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine as treatment for COVID-19.

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