Fig. 6: XPS and GIWAXS of the P-x% PTHF films.

a XPS of the S 2p, Cl 2p, and Na 1s peaks of P-80% PTHF under different conductance states. b XPS of the S 2p, Cl 2p, and Na 1s peaks of PEDOT:Tos under different conductance states. In XPS data, gray lines are the original data before fitting. Blue (For P-80% PTHF) and red (for PEDOT:Tos) lines are overall fitted data. Dashed green and yellow lines are fitted doublet peaks of S 2p from PEDOT⁺ and Tos⁻, respectively. Dashed purple lines are fitted doublet peaks of Cl 2p. c Out-of-plane linecuts for PEDOT:Tos and P-50% PTHF in LRS and HRS; and in-plane linecuts for P-80% PTHF in LRS and HRS. d Cartoon of the microstructure and composition of PEDOT:Tos and P-80% PTHF in LRS and HRS illustrating the mechanism of non-volatility. PEDOT:Tos has similar microstructure and composition in LRS and HRS, which results in comparable electrical current. For P-80% PTHF, trapped Na⁺ in non-crystalline PTHF fraction leads to a diminished hole current in HRS compared with LRS.