Fig. 4: 3D extended-object tracking and its orientation estimation using focal stack data collected by a CMOS camera.
From: Neural network based 3D tracking with a graphene transparent focal stack imaging system

(a) Results in the x-y-plane perspective and (b) in the x-z-plane perspective. The estimated (true) ladybug’s position and orientation are indicated by green (orange) dots and green (orange) overlaid ladybug images. Note that the ladybug images are not a part of the neural network output and are shown for illustration only.