Fig. 3: Reaction kinetics of the PT anode in a three-electrode cell.

a CV plots of PT anode in 1M CaCl2 at scanning rates from 5 to 50 mV s−1. b Contribution ratio of the capacitive- and diffusion-controlled process at various scan rates. c GITT curves of PT anode during discharge and charge. d The key parameters for diffusion coefficient calculation. e The calculated Ca2+ ion diffusion coefficient during discharging and charging process and comparison with other systems. f Specific capacities of PT in 1M CaCl2 at room temperature and 0 °C.