Fig. 4: Tumor-derived IL-33 sensitizes ILC2s to produce IL-13.

a Representative examples of IL-33⁺ tumor epithelium in human CRC tissues (one out of 88 stained cores in a CRC tissue microarray) Scale bar: 600 µm. b Representative examples of CRC core stained for IL33 and CD3 (big insert), a magnified view of the area marked by the black square after both staining have undergone color deconvolution and co-registration (right insert). Scale bars: Big insert: 100 µm small tiles: 50 µm merge (big tile): 25 µm. c Quantification of IL-33 plasma levels assessed by ELISA in CRC patients (open violet circle) and healthy donors (open red circle) (HDs) (HD n = 21, CRC Patients n = 15; ***P = 0.0001). d Representative examples and quantification in terms of frequency and absolute numbers of ILC2s in HD PBMCs (open red circle), CRC patients’ PBMCs (open violet circle) and TILs (closed violet circle) (n = 10). e Representative example of flow cytometry analysis of ILC2-derived IL-13 in HD PBMCs, CRC patients’ PBMCs or TILs. f Frequencies of IL-13 and IL-5 positive ILC2s in ex-vivo HD PBMCs (open red circle), CRC patients’ PBMCs (open violet circle) or TILs (closed violet circle) (HDs and CRC PBMCs n = 15, CRC TILs n = 12; IL-13 HD PBMCs vs CRC PBMCs *P = 0.0144, IL-13 HD PBMCs vs CRC TILs **P = 0.0094, IL-5 HD PBMCs vs CRC TILs **P = 0.0044). Each symbol represents one individual donor. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001) and were analyzed by Wilcoxon (c), one (d) - or two-way (f) ANOVA tests. Source data are provided as a Source data file.