Fig. 5: B2 and B3 RAFs are required for ABA-induced gene expression.

a Venn diagrams showing the overlaps of ABA-induced and ABA-repressed genes in the wild type and OK¹⁰⁰-oct seedlings. b Heat map showing the expression levels of ABA-responsive genes in wild type and OK¹⁰⁰-oct seedlings. c Expression of the ABA-inducible marker genes in wild type, OK¹⁰⁰-oct, and OK¹⁰⁰-nonu seedlings after 6 h of ABA treatment. Error bars, SEM (n = 3 biological replicates). Two-tailed paired t-tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. d The activation assay of the ABA-responsive RD29B-LUC reporter gene in wild type and mutants. The protoplasts were transformed with the reporter plasmid and incubated with or without 5 µM ABA for 5 h under light. Error bars, SEM (n = 3 individual transfections). e Add-back assay testing RAF1 to RAF12 in activating the reporter gene in the protoplasts of OK¹⁰⁰-oct. Error bars, SEM (n = 4 individual transfections). f Activation of the reporter gene by the combinations of RAFs with SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, or SnRK2.6 in the protoplasts of OK¹⁰⁰-oct. The ratio of RD29B-LUC expression in the protoplasts with 5 µM ABA relative to that without ABA treatment was used to indicate the activation activity of RAF-SnRK2 pairs. Error bars, SEM (n = 4 individual transfections). g Activation of the reporter gene by RAF3 or RAF7 in the protoplasts of wild type, pyl112458, or snrk2-triple. Error bars, SEM (n = 3 individual transfections). Source data are provided as Source Data files.