Fig. 3: Process and measurements of improving the performance of MSCs in a device.

a Schematic diagrams of the procedure of optimizing MSCs in IWC-MSCs. b Change of cross-section of SMSCs, DMSCs, and IMSCs. c Comparison of CV curves under the scanning rate of 100 mV/s and (d) rate capacity curves of MSCs of SMSCs and IMSCs, respectively. e Ragone plots of the IMSCs compared with other reported MSCs.