Fig. 5: Fatality rates for different age groups and regions.

(Left) Population fatality rate (PFR) from the cumulative estimates divided by the regional population. (Center) Lower bounds on infection fatality rate (IFR) using the maximum test positive rate (TPR) as an upper bound on infection fraction. (Right) Estimates of the true IFR when normalizing the age 70–89 group to the Diamond Princess IFR (in shaded blue, with the corresponding Poisson error estimate). We also show estimates from Verity et al.⁵ with corresponding (68% CI). in magenta, which gives less steep age dependence. In the center and right panel, the gray lines are weighted mean estimates for IFR with 1 sigma weighted standard deviation bands. The horizontal lines are the age-averaged IFR for the entire population. Error bars for all the regions and age groups are 1−σ (68% CI) error from the variance of the Gaussian model combined with Poisson errors based on number of deaths that differs for every region and age group. In all panels, we have staggered the points horizontally for every age group for better visibility.