Fig. 1: Strategy for the formation of nanopillars with charged OOP boundaries for giant effective piezoelectricity in alkali niobate films.
From: Alkali-deficiency driven charged out-of-phase boundaries for giant electromechanical response
a, b Atomic models showing 0D Na vacancies and one NbNa antisite defect replacing the vacancies. c1, c2 Two views of the atomic model showing the interface with 2D OOP domain grown on the STO substrate for the first layer of the film. d1, d2 Two views of the atomic model showing a 3D nanopillar grown on STO substrate for the following film growth. e Schematic for nanopillars with charged OOP boundaries embedded in the matrix. f Calculated defect formation energies for Na vacancies and NbNa antisite defect, as a function of Na chemical potential and Fermi level. O atoms are not shown in the structural models for simplicity.
