Fig. 4: Antibodies induced by Ca-DelMut immunization of hamsters.

Hamsters were immunized intranasally with 1.25 × 105 pfu of either Ca-DelMut (n = 12) or wild-type virus (HK-001a) (n = 3)18,25, or mock immunized (n = 6). At day 21, blood was collected from hamsters and tested for (A) anti-S1 RBD-specific IgG titers and (B) neutralization activity against the HK-13 virus strain. Error bars represent mean ± SD. LOD: level of detection. Statistical comparisons between means were performed by Student’s t-test (2-tailed): *p < 0.05, NS: not significant.