Fig. 1: Intra-tissue meta-analyses of AD methylomic studies highlights Bonferroni significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in all cortical tissues.

a A Manhattan plot for the prefrontal cortex (red, N = 961), temporal gyrus (green, N = 608) and entorhinal cortex (blue, N = 189) meta-analyses, with the ten most significant DMPs circled on the plot and Illumina UCSC gene name shown if annotated, or CpG ID if unannotated. The X-axis shows chromosomes 1–22 and the Y-axis shows −log10(p), with the horizontal red line denoting Bonferroni significance (P < 1.238 × 10⁻⁷). b A Venn diagram highlighting overlapping DMPs at Bonferroni significance across the cortical tissues. c In each cortical brain region the Bonferroni significant DMPs identified in that region usually had a greater effect size (ES) there, than in any of the other cortical regions. The X-axis represents the methylation (beta) ES between individuals that are Braak stage 0 and VI. Data are separated on the Y-axis by tissue analysis (large text) with the corresponding data at these probes in other tissues (small text). The white dot in the centre represents the median, the dark box represents the interquartile range (IQR), whilst the whisker lines represent the “minimum” (quartile 1–1.5 × IQR) and the ‘maximum’ (quartile 3 + 1.5 × IQR). The coloured violin represents all samples including outliers, meaning that the ‘minimum’ and ‘maximum’ may not extend to the end of the violin.