Fig. 3: Optimisation of photocatalytic reductive coupling of acetophenone.

The effects of a reducing agent, b catalyst loading, c reaction time including removal of MOF at 3 h; d recycling test and yield of product on each cycle. Reaction conditions for a typical experiment: substrate (0.50 mmol), MFM-300(Cr) (10 mol%, 0.05 mmol), CH3CN/H2O (15 mL/15 mL), Na2SO3 (0.25 M), 25 °C, 350–780 nm, light irradiation for 12 h (a and b) and for 24 h (d). The amount of other salts in a TEOA (3.0 mL, 22.6 mmol), TEA (3.0 mL, 21.5 mmol), Na2S or Na2S2O3 (7.50 mmol), NaOH (0.075 mmol, pH = 11.7).