Fig. 1: Population structure analysis using the whole set of 558 P. vivax isolates. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Population structure analysis using the whole set of 558 P. vivax isolates.

From: Distinctive genetic structure and selection patterns in Plasmodium vivax from South Asia and East Africa

Fig. 1

Analysis of the whole set supports one unique non-differentiated subpopulation for the South Asian isolates. a Neighbour-Joining tree for the 558 isolates, constructed using a genetic distance based on 388,933 high-quality SNPs, and branches coloured based on (b); b ADMIXTURE prediction of a subpopulation (K = 9) visualised using a bar plot. c Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot of the 558 isolates, with colours based on (b). d Neighbour-Joining tree for South Asia (India 36, Pakistan 32, Afghanistan 22), and East Africa (Ethiopia 29, Eritrea 12, Sudan 5, Uganda 3, Madagascar 1). Thailand isolates (128) were used as a representative population from South East Asia. Tree branches are coloured based on the assignment of the subpopulation from (e). e An ADMIXTURE bar plot illustrating the population structure (K = 4), highlighting a distinction between South Asian countries and Thailand, and East Africa and Thailand. The plot also highlights a degree of mixing between East African and South Asian populations. f PCA plot using the same data as in (d).

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