Table 2 Catalytic performances of Ru1/NC-T single-atom catalysts (SACs) as well as reference Ru nanocatalysts for the reductive amination of furfuraldehydea.

From: Highly selective and robust single-atom catalyst Ru1/NC for reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones

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Entry

Catalysts

Yield (%)d

Production rate (gFAM·gRu−1 h−1)

2a

3a

Others

1

Ru1/NC-700

n.d.

33

67

–

2

Ru1/NC-800

43

9

48

16.7

3

Ru1/NC-900

84

9

7

81.5

4

Ru1/NC-900-800NH3

97 (94c)

3

n.d.

170.7

5

RuNP-1000

53

12

33

20.6

6

Ru/AC

82

12

6

79.5

7

Ru/Nb2O5

91

3

6

115.0

8

Ru/HZSM-5

68

12

20

89.6

9b

Ru1/NC/Nb2O5

97

n.d.

3

227.6

  1. aReaction condition: 2 mmol furfural, catalysts amounts were varied to maintain the molar ratio of Ru:furfural = 1:400, 3 g methanol, 0.5 MPa NH3, 2 MPa H2, 100 °C, 10 h, dodecane as an internal standard. The conversion of FAL in all experiments was>99%.
  2. b3 h.
  3. cIsolated yield in parentheses.
  4. dOthers are oligomers; n.d.: not detected.
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