Table 2 Overview of GUT-108 strains and their key therapeutic properties, including the synthesis of butyrate, propionate, gamma-amino-butyrate (GABA), and indole.

From: Rationally designed bacterial consortia to treat chronic immune-mediated colitis and restore intestinal homeostasis

Strain	Family	Butyrate	Propionate	GABA	Indole	Bile Acid	Clostridium cluster	GENBANK ID	Additional information
Bacteroides xylanisolvens GGCC_0124	Bacteroidaceae		+	+	+	7-α-HSD, CGH, 3-oxo-5-α	N.A.	JABFCE000000000	Propionate and succinate producer; Lacks bft enterotoxin, lacks capsular polysaccharide LPS A; xylan and other plant polymers as C-source; proposed probiotic.
Clostridium butyricum GGCC_0151	Clostridiaceae	+				7-α-HSD, CGH, Taurine uptake	I	JABFCF000000000	Positive effects on IBS and IBD, but some reports on pathogenicity. Cluster I Clostridium used as probiotic. Induces IL-10 in experimental colitis model.
Clostridium scindens GGCC_0168	Lachnospiraceae					7-α-DH, 3-α-DH, 7-α-HSD, CGH, LCD	Clostr. G21	JABFCG000000000	Key for bile acid conversion via 7α-dehydratase activity and 3α-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester-3 dehydrogenase; Bacteriocin synthesis (Lactococcin 972 - like).
Intestinimonas butyriciproducens GGCC_0179	Ruminococcaceae	+				LCD	unassignedbut not IV	JABFHK000000000	Butyrate producer; linked to decreased susceptibility to gut inflammation; bacteriocin synthesis (Linocin M18-like).
Eubacterium callanderi GGCC_0197	Eubacteriaceae	+		+		7-α-HSD, CGH, SBS	XV	JABFAG000000000	Ameliorates experimental colitis and metabolite of microbe attenuates colonic inflammatory action with increase of mucosal integrity; butanol producer. Linocin M18-like bacteriocin synthesis and resistance operon.
Extibacter sp. GGCC_0201	Lachnospiraceae					7α/β -DH, LCD	Extibacter	JABFCH000000000	Key for bile acid conversion via 7-α-DH activity; lantipeptde synthesis (LanM plus precursor peptide).
Akkermansia sp. GGCC_0220	Akkermansiaceae		+	+	+	SBS	N.A.	JABFCI000000000	Based on ANI different species as A. municiphila ATCC BAA-835. Encodes lipopeptide for TLR2 dependent interaction with the innate immune system to control inflammation.
Clostridium symbiosum GGCC_0272	Lachnospiraceae	+				7-α-HSD, CGH, LCD, Taurine uptake	XIVa; Clostr. G24	JABFCJ000000000	Decrease negatively associated with severity of ulcerative colitis. Yersiniabactin synthesis operon.
Bacteroides uniformis GGCC_0301	Bacteroidaceae		+	+	+	CGH, 3-oxo-5-α, SBS	N.A.	JABFCK000000000	Positive effect on metabolic and immune dysfunction; no or low-level colitis induction compared to other Bacteroides species.
Bitterella massiliensis GGCC_0305	Lachnospiraceae	+				3-α-HSD, 3-β-HSD	XIVa	JABFCL000000000	Non-spore-forming (Durand et al, 2017); Key for bile acid conversion via 3α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activities.
Barnesiella sp. GGCC_0306	Porphyromonadaceae S24-7		+	+		CGH. 3-oxo-5-α	N.A.	JABFCM000000000	Related strains reported to control vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium.

Genes involved in the deconjugation of bile salts and the conversion to secondary bile acids are indicated (+).
CGH choloylglycine hydrolase, LCD L-cantinine hydratase, 3-oxo-5α 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid-4-dehydrogenase, 7α-HSD 7α-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 3α-CHD 3α-hydroxycholate dehydrogenase, 3α-DH 3α-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester-3 dehydrogenase, 7α-DH 7α-dehydratase, 7β-DH 7β-dehydratase, SBS sodium-bile acid symporter system.

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Table 2 Overview of GUT-108 strains and their key therapeutic properties, including the synthesis of butyrate, propionate, gamma-amino-butyrate (GABA), and indole.

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