Fig. 2: Structural characterization and optical property.

a Schematic drawing of the structural cross-section of RIET SP sources (not to scale). For the sake of illustration clarity, four regions (indicated by Roman numerals i–iv) are marked for each of the device mesas (7 × 7) of a sample (10 × 10 mm2). b–d SEM images showing device mesas (b), regions of one mesa (c), and AgNRs in region i before ITO deposition (d). e TEM image of a single AgNR. f,g Dark-field optical image (f) and scattering spectrum (g) of region i with the ITO. Two plasmonic resonance modes are superimposed in the scattering spectrum as solid black curves. h,i Simulated charge distributions of the two LSP modes shown in g. Red and blue colors represent positive and negative charges, respectively.