Fig. 2: p53 deficiency impairs the function of tuft cells to trigger type 2 immunity.

a–c p53+/+ and p53−/− mice were given drinking water with or without 150 mM succinate (Sc) for 7 days before analysis. a. Quantifications of tuft (left) and goblet cells (right) in the small intestine of mice treated with or without succinate by IHC staining of Dclk1 and Alcian blue staining, respectively. b Quantifications of eosinophils and ILC2s in the LP by flow cytometric analysis. c Relative mRNA levels of IL-13 in the small intestine. In c, d, and g, mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and normalized with β-actin. d Relative mRNA levels of IL-25 in the intestinal epithelium of naïve mice, mice infected with Tm or Nb, and mice treated with succinate. e–g p53+/+ and p53−/− mice were treated with rIL-25 (0.5 µg/day; i.p.) or PBS for 7 days before analysis. e Quantifications of tuft (left) and goblet cells (right) in the small intestine. f Quantifications of eosinophils and ILC2s in the LP. g Relative mRNA levels of IL-13 in the small intestine. h rIL-13 induced tuft cell expansion in p53+/+ and p53−/− intestinal organoids to a similar extent. The intestinal organoids from p53+/+ and p53−/− mice were treated with rIL-13 (10 ng/ml for 48 h) or PBS, and then tuft cells were detected by IF staining of Dclk1. Left: representative images. Right: quantifications of tuft cells. For a–h, data are presented as mean ± SEM. For a–g, each dot represents an individual mouse. n = 5–8/group. For h, each dot represents an image field. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS: non-significant, two-tailed Student’s t-test.