Fig. 5: Coarsening mechanism power-law fitting for molten salt dealloying (MSD) and a direct observation of enclosed void formation.

a–d Power-law linear fitting (n = 1–4) with goodness-of-fit (R2) value of ligament feature size vs. coarsening time after the microwire has been fully dealloyed (~ 47 min during in situ heating), corresponding to different mechanisms: a viscous flow, b evaporation and condensation (here, Ni dissolution and redeposition), c bulk diffusion and d surface diffusion. e The plot of ln[d(t)] vs. ln(t) for measuring the coarsening exponents n = 1/0.27 = 3.7 close to 4 indicating that surface diffusion is the primary mechanism for coarsening in molten salt. f, g The morphology evolution during the coarsening process at the elevated temperature: f ligament pinch-off events; the scale bar is 2 μm. g Development of an enclosed pore forming within the ligaments.