Fig. 1: Scheme of the three-dimensional LGT with three electric field levels (spin-1 compact representation).
From: Lattice quantum electrodynamics in (3+1)-dimensions at finite density with tensor networks
Fermionic degrees of freedom are represented by staggered fermions on sites with different parity: on the even (odd) sites, a full red (blue) circle corresponds to a particle (antiparticle) with a positive (negative) charge. As an illustrative example, it is shown a gauge-invariant configuration of matter and gauge fields with one particle and one antiparticle in the sector of zero total charge.
